Crimes & Accountability
From allegation to judgment
A sourced record of alleged abuses, investigations, prosecutions, trials and judicial outcomes connected to Bangladesh’s uprising of July and August 2024.
- 6 · an open record
Not a list of the guilty: every status is dated and scoped to one proceeding, drawing on 27 published sources. Skip to sources
What accountability means here
This page records the path from allegation to judgment for the abuses alleged in the uprising of July and August 2024: what is alleged and by whom, which investigations were opened, which proceedings exist, whom they name and with what legal status, what courts have decided, what is disputed and what remains open.
This archive distinguishes between allegations, investigations, charges, trials and judgments. A person or institution appearing in a complaint, investigation or charge does not mean guilt has been legally established. Where a court has given judgment, the judgment is stated with its date and with the appeal that followed it.
The record is open and far from complete. It tracks the proceedings the archive has been able to check against published reports, and grows as records are read; the scale of the cases filed in the courts is set out under Investigations.
From allegation to judgment
- Allegation
Someone has said that something happened, or that someone did it.
It does not establish: It is not a fact until it is established, and it is always stated with who made it.
- Complaint or case filed
A complaint has been lodged with the police, a court or the tribunal’s prosecution.
It does not establish: Being named in it does not mean investigators, prosecutors or a court accept it.
- Investigation
Investigators are examining what happened, and may publish findings.
It does not establish: A finding by investigators is not a court’s judgment, and this archive does not adopt it as its own conclusion: “the investigators found”.
- Warrant, arrest or detention
The authorities seek or hold a person in a case.
It does not establish: It is not a charge, and it establishes nothing about guilt.
- Formal charges
The prosecution has put formal charges to the tribunal.
It does not establish: A charge is an accusation. It is not a finding, and the accused are not on trial.
- Trial
The tribunal has framed charges and is hearing evidence.
It does not establish: A trial is not a conviction. Every accused person is presumed innocent until judgment.
- Judgment at first instance
The trial court has decided: to convict, to acquit, or otherwise.
It does not establish: It may be changed on appeal. Until a final decision it is not the last word.
- Final judgment
The court of last resort has decided, or no appeal remains.
It does not establish: Even then, this archive states what the court found, in the court’s terms.
Appearing in a complaint, an investigation, a warrant or a charge does not establish guilt. On this page nobody is described as guilty except as a court’s judgment states it, and a judgment at first instance is always stated with where its appeal stands.
The killing of Sharif Osman bin Hadi in December 2025 is not a July case. Its investigation and proceedings are recorded in Justice for Hadi.
Where accountability stands
Every figure here is counted from the records below, as of the archive’s review. It counts the proceedings this archive tracks, not every case in Bangladesh.
The proceedings tracked, by stage
- None of the proceedings tracked
- None of the proceedings tracked
- None of the proceedings tracked
People named in them
- 3
- None on record
- 3
- None on record
- None on record
As of . People are counted only where the archive holds an individual status record; the reports describe many more accused people by number and former role.
Every proceeding
- The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
Convicted at first instance — as of
Appeal on record (); no decision on it is on record in this archive
- The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
Convicted at first instance — as of
Appeal on record (reported 17 July 2026); no decision on it is on record in this archive
- The killings in Chattogram, July 2024
International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
Formal charges submitted — as of
No next date is on record
- The killings in Uttara, Dhaka, 18–19 July 2024
International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
Formal charges submitted — as of
: The tribunal’s order on whether to frame charges (date set on 23 September 2026) [1]
- The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
Convicted at first instance — as of
No appeal is reported in the sources read
- The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
Convicted at first instance — as of
Appeal on record (); no decision on it is on record in this archive
What is alleged
The abuses the record describes, under headings the record itself supports. Each finding is the words of whoever made it; none is the archive’s own legal classification.
This page records alleged killings, injuries and other abuses during the protests of July and August 2024, and the proceedings over them. It contains no images and describes violence only as far as the record requires.
Most findings here are the UN inquiry’s, made on its standard of “reasonable grounds to believe” — lower than the proof a criminal court requires. The inquiry itself is set out under investigations.
Killings, shootings and injuries of protesters and bystanders
That the vast majority of deaths appear to have been caused by firearms commonly used only by the police, paramilitary and military forces: in 130 deaths examined by the forensic medicine department of Dhaka Medical College, 78 percent were caused by such weapons. [2]
- The first deaths · Begum Rokeya University
- Shooting in Uttara · Uttara
- Police still shooting · Chankharpul, Rampura bridge, Jatrabari police station, Ashulia and Savar bus stand
Mass arrests and detention
Police “block raids” — searches of whole housing blocks — are reported across the country. By 26 July at least 555 cases have been filed and 6,264 people arrested; by the next day Prothom Alo counts 9,121 arrests in eleven days, 2,536 of them in Dhaka. [3] The UN investigators found that police, RAB and Army units carried out such raids jointly from the curfew of 19–20 July to the end of the month, often arresting people for general characteristics such as being young and unemployed. [2]
As street protests ebb, security forces carry out a mass arrest campaign against students, opposition supporters and others. Six student leaders are detained; on 28 July the head of the Detective Branch publishes a video in which they denounce the protests — a statement the UN fact-finding report describes as coerced, and whose release caused public outrage. [2]
- “Block raids” · Dhaka, Chattogram, Rangpur
- Coordinators taken from a hospital · Gonoshasthaya Nagar Hospital
- Mass arrests, and a recorded statement · Dhaka
No proceeding over this is tracked in this archive.
Armed attacks by supporters of the governing party
Bangladesh Chhatra League, the governing party’s student wing, and other government supporters attack student protesters. [4] The UN fact-finding report found that senior Awami League officials “mobilized and incited” Chhatra League supporters to carry out armed attacks on student protesters around several universities, that students often defended themselves, and that the police consistently failed to intervene. [2]
- Attacks on student protesters · Dhaka University
- Killings by armed supporters, and by crowds · Rayerbag, Jatrabari, Uttara
- Processions attacked · Uttara
- The deadliest day so far · Enayetpur police station, Feni, Ashulia, Mirpur, Cumilla
Killings of and attacks on journalists
Between 15 July and 5 August at least six journalists were killed at or around protests in Dhaka, Sylhet and Sirajganj, and about 200 were injured, according to a civil society organisation cited by the UN fact-finding report. Some were hit when security forces fired on crowds; others were targeted for their work, in some cases by protesters. The report found that intelligence agencies and ministry officials pressed editors not to report fully on the protests and their suppression. [2]
None before the tribunal in this record. The complaints and cases over the deaths of journalists are set out under complaints outside the tribunal.
Attacks by protesters and crowds during the protests
That some protesters and others in the crowds attacked police, government buildings and transport, and that crowds carried out revenge killings, above all from 4 August. [2]
- Police surrounded, and buildings burned · Merul Badda, Bangladesh Television, Rampura, Setu Bhaban, Banani
- Killings by armed supporters, and by crowds · Rayerbag, Jatrabari, Uttara
- The deadliest day so far · Enayetpur police station, Feni, Ashulia, Mirpur, Cumilla
No proceeding over this is tracked in this archive.
Revenge violence after 5 August
In the days after Sheikh Hasina left, the police effectively stopped functioning in many places. Crowds carried out revenge attacks and killings targeting Awami League officials and supporters, the police and media outlets seen as supporting the former government; on 5 August several television stations were attacked, looted or burned. The UN fact-finding report found that most incidents of revenge violence appear to have occurred on 5 August and the days immediately after, and that attacks on Awami League supporters continued after the interim government took office on 8 August. [2]
Many perpetrators of revenge violence and of attacks on minority groups apparently continue to enjoy impunity, the report concluded; the interim government reported 100 arrests in relation to attacks on religious and indigenous groups. [2]
- Police stations and party offices attacked · Jatrabari police station, Dhanmondi, Feni
No proceeding over this is tracked in this archive.
Attacks on minority communities
During and after the protests members of the Hindu community, Ahmadiyya Muslims and indigenous groups in the Chittagong Hill Tracts were attacked by mobs, including the burning of homes and some attacks on places of worship. The report found different and often intersecting motives — religious and ethnic discrimination, revenge against Awami League supporters among minorities, local disputes over land — and that some local BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami supporters were involved, but no information that the attacks were organised by those parties’ national leaderships, which condemned them. It notes that misinformation clouded the understanding of several incidents. [2]
Counts of these attacks differ by who made them. The Bangladesh Hindu Bouddha Christian Unity Council reported 1,769 attacks and acts of vandalism against minorities between 4 and 20 August. A Bangladesh Police report of January 2025 that examined those reports found 1,234 to have had a political background, 20 to have been communal in nature and 161 to be false claims. National Security Intelligence recorded 37 violent attacks on minorities between 5 and 15 August. The UN report gives no count of its own and calls for further investigation. [2]
No proceeding over this is tracked in this archive.
Investigations
Who has investigated, on what mandate and standard, and what they reported. A finding by investigators is theirs, not this archive’s and not a court’s.
UN human rights office (OHCHR) fact-finding inquiry
- The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Türk, proposes a fact-finding mission in a letter to the prime minister and receives no positive response. [2]
- The United Nations human rights office (OHCHR) investigated the events of 1 July to 15 August 2024 at the invitation of the interim government. Its report, published on 12 February 2025, rests on more than 230 interviews with victims and witnesses and 36 with officials, corroborated with authenticated videos and photographs and with forensic and weapons analysis. It makes findings where there are “reasonable grounds to believe” that something occurred — a standard lower than the one required to establish individual guilt in a criminal trial. [2]
- Concluded: the report was published on 12 February 2025. [2]
- On that standard, the report found that the former government and its security and intelligence apparatus, together with violent elements associated with the Awami League, systematically engaged in serious human rights violations, including hundreds of extrajudicial killings, serious injuries to thousands of protesters, extensive arbitrary arrest and detention, and torture; and that these occurred with the knowledge, coordination and direction of the political leadership and senior security officials. [2]
Investigations and cases in Bangladesh after 5 August 2024
- Before 5 August 2024 the former government made no genuine effort to investigate or ensure accountability for the violations, the UN fact-finding report found. [2]
- The interim government has brought cases against senior officials before the International Crimes Tribunal and in the ordinary courts. The report records concerns about due process before the tribunal, including trials in absentia and the death penalty, and about “mass cases” in the ordinary courts: by January 2025 the police reported 1,181 investigations naming 98,137 accused. [2]
Investigations announced during the uprising
- The Detective Branch of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police announces an investigation into the supposed “infiltration” of the protests; senior officials had begun to describe the movement as infiltrated by the opposition. [2]
- The prime minister seeks help from international organisations for an investigation into the violence; the United Nations expresses interest in sending a delegation. Police block and scuffle with students and teachers at Dhaka University. [4]
- No outcome of the Detective Branch’s investigation is reported in the sources read. The UN inquiry above was carried out after the change of government.
Proceedings before the tribunal
Each proceeding the archive tracks before the International Crimes Tribunal, in the order of the incidents it concerns. A court record establishes what the court did, not the truth of every allegation before it.
The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
Convicted at first instance — as of · International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
- Crimes against humanity in the government’s crackdown on the protests of July and August 2024. [5]
- July and August 2024 · Across Bangladesh: the crackdown as a whole
The case concerns the crackdown as a whole, not particular deaths; the reports read name no one among the dead as its subject.
- Khokon Chandra Barman — the first prosecution witness,
- Abdullah Al Imran — the second prosecution witness,
- Appeal on record (); no decision on it is on record in this archive
On 15 December 2025 the prosecution appealed to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, seeking to raise the sentences of imprisonment until natural death imposed on Sheikh Hasina and Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal to death. [6] No judgment on the appeal is recorded in this archive.
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The Business Standard.
The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
Convicted at first instance — as of · International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
- Crimes against humanity over the killing of Abu Sayed outside Begum Rokeya University on 16 July 2024; 30 accused. [7, 8]
- 16 July 2024 · Outside Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
- The first deaths · Begum Rokeya University
- None in this archive. The reports read describe the accused by number and former role, as the record below gives them.
- Appeal on record (reported 17 July 2026); no decision on it is on record in this archive
The tribunal convicts all 30 accused: two former police members are sentenced to death, three people to life imprisonment and the remaining 25 to prison terms of up to ten years. Six of the accused are present; the others are tried in absentia. [7, 8, 9]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The Business Standard; Dhaka Tribune; Prothom Alo.
The defence calls the judgment political and says it will seek acquittal; the family says the senior officials deserved heavier sentences and that it will appeal after consulting its lawyers. [10]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: bdnews24.com.
Reported 17 July 2026
Four of the convicted, the two sentenced to death among them, appeal to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court seeking acquittal. No decision on the appeals is on record in this archive. [11]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The New Nation.
The killings in Chattogram, July 2024
Formal charges submitted — as of · International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
- Crimes against humanity over the killing of six people in Chattogram during the protests, among them Wasim Akram; 22 accused, all affiliated with the Awami League and its associate bodies, according to the prosecution’s filing. [12]
- July 2024; Wasim Akram on 16 July · Chattogram
The reports read name only one of the six. The others are not listed here until a source names them.
- None in this archive. The reports read describe the accused by number and former role, as the record below gives them.
- No next date is on record
The tribunal issues arrest warrants for 15 people, among them a former education minister and two former mayors of Chattogram, over the killing of Wasim Akram. The case had first been filed by his mother with Panchlaish police in August 2024. [13]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: BSS.
The prosecution submits formal charges against 22 people to the tribunal’s registrar. [12]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The Business Standard.
The killings in Uttara, Dhaka, 18–19 July 2024
Formal charges submitted — as of · International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
- Crimes against humanity over the killing of 11 people in Uttara on 18 and 19 July 2024; 26 accused, among them a former member of parliament and a former police commissioner of Dhaka. [14]
- 18–19 July 2024 · Uttara, Dhaka
- Shooting in Uttara · Uttara
- Mir Mahfuzur Rahman Mugdho
- Jahiduzzaman Tanvin
- Sheikh Fahmin Zafar
- Md Shakil Hossain
- Md Sabbir Hossain
- Sajib Sarker
- Mokhlesur Rahman Durjoy
- Ridwan Sharif
- Md Sabbir Islam
- Md Asadullah
- Naima Sultana
The first seven were killed on 18 July and the other four on 19 July, as the report gives them. [14] Whether the Md Shakil Hossain named here is the journalist of that name profiled in this register has not been established; see where the records differ.
- None in this archive. The reports read describe the accused by number and former role, as the record below gives them.
- : The tribunal’s order on whether to frame charges (date set on 23 September 2026) [1]
The prosecution and defence argue whether charges should be framed; the tribunal sets 16 September for its order. Eight accused are in jail and 18 absconding. [14]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The Business Standard.
The order on framing charges, deferred from 16 to 23 September, is deferred again to 11 October 2026. [1]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: TOB News.
The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
Convicted at first instance — as of · International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
- Crimes against humanity over the killing of seven people near Ashulia police station on 5 August 2024 and the burning of six of their bodies; 16 accused. [15, 16]
- 5 August 2024 · Near Ashulia police station, Savar
- Police still shooting · Chankharpul, Rampura bridge, Jatrabari police station, Ashulia and Savar bus stand
- Sajjad Hossain Sajal
- As-Sabur
- Tanzil Mahmud Sujoy
- Bayezid Bostami
- Abul Hossain
- Md Omar Faruk
- Name not recorded
New Age lists one of the seven as an unidentified protester. Three months before the verdict, the tribunal had ordered that a body identified by DNA as “Abdul” be returned to his family and his name added to the official list. [16, 17] The archive has not established whether these records describe the same person; see where the records differ.
- None in this archive. The reports read describe the accused by number and former role, as the record below gives them.
- No appeal is reported in the sources read
The tribunal orders that the body identified by DNA as “Abdul” be exhumed and given to his family. [17]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The Business Standard.
The tribunal sentences six people to death — a former member of parliament, a local Jubo League leader and four police members — seven to life imprisonment and two to seven years; one accused who gave evidence for the prosecution is pardoned. Eight of the accused are absconding. No appeal is reported in the sources read. [15, 16]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: Prothom Alo; New Age.
The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
Convicted at first instance — as of · International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
- Crimes against humanity over the killing of six people in police firing at Chankharpul on 5 August 2024; eight accused, all former police officers. [18]
- 5 August 2024 · Chankharpul, Dhaka
- Police still shooting · Chankharpul, Rampura bridge, Jatrabari police station, Ashulia and Savar bus stand
- Shahriar Khan Anas
- Sheikh Mahdi Hasan Zunayed
- Md Yakub
- Md Rakib Hawlader
- Md Ismamul Haque
- Manik Miah
- None in this archive. The reports read describe the accused by number and former role, as the record below gives them.
- Appeal on record (); no decision on it is on record in this archive
The tribunal convicts all eight: three former senior officers of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police are sentenced to death and five others to terms of three to six years. Four of the convicted, the three sentenced to death among them, are absconding. [18]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The Business Standard.
On the prosecution’s appeal for heavier sentences, filed on 29 January, the Appellate Division orders that the five convicted to prison terms are not to be released until the appeal is decided. No decision on the appeal is on record in this archive. [19]
Reported — published by the reports cited; not yet checked against a primary record. Sources: The Business Standard.
People named with a legal status
Only people for whom the archive holds an individual, dated status in a proceeding. Each status belongs to one proceeding and is shown with its date and basis; the history of every status is kept.
Convicted: Found guilty by a court in a judgment at the end of a trial. Until then, every accused person is presumed innocent. An appeal may follow.
Sheikh Hasina
Former prime minister
Response, : She called the verdicts the work of “a rigged tribunal established and presided over by an unelected government with no democratic mandate”. [5]
Status history
- · Convicted · The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal
Former home affairs minister
Status history
- · Convicted · The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun
Former inspector-general of police
In The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
- Convicted — since · at first instance · Present at the tribunal; sentenced to five years in prison. [5]
- No custody status on record in this archive
Status history
- · Convicted · The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
Institutions named in the record
How each institution, unit or organisation appears in the record. A conviction names the people it convicts; it is not a finding against everyone who served in the institution or belonged to the party.
Bangladesh Police, including the Dhaka Metropolitan Police
- That the vast majority of deaths appear to have been caused by firearms commonly used only by the police, paramilitary and military forces: in 130 deaths examined by the forensic medicine department of Dhaka Medical College, 78 percent were caused by such weapons. [2]
- Two former police members are among those sentenced to death at first instance. [7, 8]The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
- All eight accused are former police officers; three former senior officers of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police are sentenced to death at first instance. [18]The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
- Four police members are among the six sentenced to death at first instance. [15, 16]The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
- At the tribunal, defence counsel for Sheikh Hasina and Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal said that police did not fire on protesters. [20, 21]The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
Rapid Action Battalion (RAB)
- Police, RAB and Army units carried out “block raids” jointly from the curfew of 19–20 July to the end of the month, the UN investigators found. [2]
- RAB said it fired tear gas shells and sound and stun grenades from helicopters but never a rifle or shotgun; the UN report could neither confirm nor exclude shooting from helicopters. [2]
- No proceeding against members of RAB over July is tracked in this archive.
Bangladesh Army and Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB)
- On 5 August the Army and BGB largely stood by while police and armed Awami League supporters fired on marchers; the Army did not answer the UN investigators’ requests, and how far it was institutionally involved in the use of force remains open. [2]
- When the UN fact-finding report was finalised in February 2025 it had received no information on criminal prosecutions of personnel who served with the Army, DGFI or NSI; this archive has not yet reviewed later records. [2]
Intelligence agencies (DGFI and NSI)
- An intelligence officer with the agents who took three coordinators from a hospital on 26 July threatened a hospital staff member at gunpoint, and intelligence agencies and ministry officials pressed editors not to report fully on the protests, the UN investigators found. [2]
- When the UN fact-finding report was finalised in February 2025 it had received no information on criminal prosecutions of personnel who served with the Army, DGFI or NSI; this archive has not yet reviewed later records. [2]
Awami League and its associated organisations
- Senior Awami League officials “mobilized and incited” Chhatra League supporters to carry out armed attacks on student protesters around several universities, the UN fact-finding report found. [2]
- A former member of parliament and a local Jubo League leader are among the six sentenced to death at first instance. [15, 16]The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
- All 22 accused are affiliated with the Awami League and its associate bodies, according to the prosecution’s filing. [12]The killings in Chattogram, July 2024
- The party gave the UN investigators a list of 144 of its members it said were killed, which they could not verify. [2]
BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami
- In visits to a vandalised metro station, the burned television building and hospitals in late July 2024, the prime minister publicly placed all blame for the violence and loss of life on opposition parties. Former senior officials told the UN investigators that the violence had been planned and orchestrated by BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami. [2]
- Found no information to corroborate the claim that the violence was orchestrated by BNP or Jamaat-e-Islami, and found that the vast majority of deaths appear to have been caused by firearms used by the security forces. It found that BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami supporters and local leaders took part in some revenge violence, without finding it orchestrated by their national leaderships. [2]
- No proceeding against members of either party over July is tracked in this archive.
Protesters and crowds
- That some protesters and others in the crowds attacked police, government buildings and transport, and that crowds carried out revenge killings, above all from 4 August. [2]
- No proceeding against protesters or crowds over July is tracked in this archive.
Custody, warrants and absence
What the reports say about who was sought, held, present or absent, in their own words and on their own dates. An arrest, a warrant or detention is not a charge and establishes nothing about guilt.
The killings in Chattogram, July 2024
The tribunal issues arrest warrants for 15 people over the killing of Wasim Akram. [13]
The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
Two of the three accused are tried in absentia; the former inspector-general of police is present at the tribunal. [5] Sheikh Hasina left the country on 5 August 2024 and has lived in India since. [2, 5]
The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
Four of the eight convicted, the three sentenced to death among them, are absconding. [18]
The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
The Appellate Division orders that the five convicted to prison terms are not to be released until the prosecution’s appeal is decided. [19]
The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
Six of the 30 accused are present at the tribunal; the others are tried in absentia. [7, 8]
The killings in Uttara, Dhaka, 18–19 July 2024
Eight of the 26 accused are in jail and 18 absconding. [14]
Reported outside the proceedings tracked
Attacks on religious and indigenous groups
The interim government reported 100 arrests in relation to attacks on religious and indigenous groups, according to the UN fact-finding report. [2]
The killing of Abu Taher Md Turab, Sylhet
The case filed by his family had led only to the brief arrest of two suspects, RSF reported a year later. [22]
The killing of Hasan Mehedi, Dhaka
RSF reported that two people had been identified and one arrested. [22]
Each row is what one report said on its date. A historical count is not a current custody count, and counts from different reports are never added together.
Judgments and outcomes
What the tribunal has decided, as the reports of each judgment give it, with where its appeal stands. Every judgment here is at first instance: none is final.
The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
- International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
On 15 December 2025 the prosecution appealed to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, seeking to raise the sentences of imprisonment until natural death imposed on Sheikh Hasina and Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal to death. [6] No judgment on the appeal is recorded in this archive.
The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
- International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
- The tribunal convicts all eight: three former senior officers of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police are sentenced to death and five others to terms of three to six years. Four of the convicted, the three sentenced to death among them, are absconding. [18]
On the prosecution’s appeal for heavier sentences, filed on 29 January, the Appellate Division orders that the five convicted to prison terms are not to be released until the appeal is decided. No decision on the appeal is on record in this archive. [19]
The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
- International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
- The tribunal sentences six people to death — a former member of parliament, a local Jubo League leader and four police members — seven to life imprisonment and two to seven years; one accused who gave evidence for the prosecution is pardoned. Eight of the accused are absconding. No appeal is reported in the sources read. [15, 16]
No appeal is reported in the sources read.
The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
- International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
- The tribunal convicts all 30 accused: two former police members are sentenced to death, three people to life imprisonment and the remaining 25 to prison terms of up to ten years. Six of the accused are present; the others are tried in absentia. [7, 8, 9]
Four of the convicted, the two sentenced to death among them, appeal to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court seeking acquittal. No decision on the appeals is on record in this archive. [11]
Outcomes in the proceedings tracked
- None on record in the proceedings tracked
- None on record in the proceedings tracked
One accused, who gave evidence for the prosecution, is pardoned. [15, 16]The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
- None on record in this archive
Complaints outside the tribunal
Deaths in the Martyrs register over which no proceeding is tracked here, with the complaint or case the reports record and its date. A complaint names what is alleged; it decides nothing.
- Hasan Mehedi
Case filed — as of
Two cases were filed, one with a court and one with the police. A year later Prothom Alo reported no progress, and RSF that two people had been identified and one arrested. [23, 22]
- Md Shakil Hossain
Case filed — as of
His family filed a complaint with the International Crimes Tribunal, Prothom Alo reported a year later. [23]
- Abu Taher Md Turab
Case filed — as of
His family filed a case on 19 August 2024; a year later RSF reported that it had led only to the brief arrest of two suspects. [23, 22]
- Tahir Zaman Priyo
Case filed — as of
Cases were filed with New Market police station and with the International Crimes Tribunal, Prothom Alo reported a year later. [23]
- Pradip Kumar Bhowmik
No case on record — as of
No case or investigation into his death is reported in the sources read, including RSF’s review a year later. [22]
- Sohel Akhanji
No case on record — as of
No case had been filed over his death a year later, Prothom Alo reported. [23]
Disputed allegations and responses
Questions the parties answer differently. Every account is given and none is preferred. A denial does not disprove an allegation, and an accusation does not establish guilt.
- The government at the time
- In visits to a vandalised metro station, the burned television building and hospitals in late July 2024, the prime minister publicly placed all blame for the violence and loss of life on opposition parties. Former senior officials told the UN investigators that the violence had been planned and orchestrated by BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami. [2]
- The UN fact-finding report, February 2025
- Found no information to corroborate the claim that the violence was orchestrated by BNP or Jamaat-e-Islami, and found that the vast majority of deaths appear to have been caused by firearms used by the security forces. It found that BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami supporters and local leaders took part in some revenge violence, without finding it orchestrated by their national leaderships. [2]
- International Crimes Tribunal-1, November 2025
- Convicted Sheikh Hasina and her home minister, Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, of crimes against humanity in their absence. Hasina called the verdicts the work of “a rigged tribunal”. The convictions are set out with their legal status in the archive’s accountability record. [5]
Where it stands
Convicted at first instance — as of
In The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others. A judgment decides the charges before the court; it does not settle every account above.
Set out on the July overview.
- The police, 17 July 2024
- The first information report filed by a police sub-inspector says he fell “at one stage of firing and throwing of bricks from different directions by the protesters”, and does not mention police firing. [24]
- Prothom Alo, 28 July 2024
- Reported that several videos show police shooting him from close range, and that the doctor who carried out the autopsy found shotgun pellet wounds. [24]
- The UN fact-finding report, February 2025
- Found reasonable grounds to believe that police shot him with shotguns while he posed no threat; widely circulated footage showed the shooting. [2]
Where it stands
Convicted at first instance — as of
In The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur. A judgment decides the charges before the court; it does not settle every account above.
Set out on the July Uprising.
- Khokon Chandra Barman, testifying on 3 August 2025
- Police withdrew into Jatrabari police station when the army arrived; after the army left, police came out and fired on protesters sheltering under the flyover, and an officer fired at him where he had taken cover. [20, 21]
- Defence counsel for Sheikh Hasina and Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, cross-examining
- Said that police did not fire on protesters and that demonstrators were injured or killed by their own weapons, and pointed to differences between his statement in court and his earlier statement to investigators. He answered that this was not true. [20, 21]
Where it stands
Convicted at first instance — as of
In The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others. A judgment decides the charges before the court; it does not settle every account above.
Set out on Injured & Survivors.
- Witnesses, as interviewed by the UN investigators
- Said they saw personnel in helicopters fire rifles or shotguns at protesters on 19–21 July in parts of Dhaka and Gazipur. [2]
- RAB and the police leadership
- RAB said it fired 738 tear gas shells and 1,047 sound and stun grenades from helicopters but never a rifle or shotgun; the police and RAB chiefs could not confirm any shooting from helicopters. [2]
- The UN fact-finding report, February 2025
- Could neither confirm nor exclude it, noting that the reported shootings fell while the internet was cut, and called for further investigation. [2]
Where it stands
No court has decided it, and no proceeding over it is tracked in this archive.
Set out on the July Uprising.
Responses on record
- Sheikh Hasina, : She called the verdicts the work of “a rigged tribunal established and presided over by an unelected government with no democratic mandate”. [5]
- The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur, : The defence calls the judgment political and says it will seek acquittal; the family says the senior officials deserved heavier sentences and that it will appeal after consulting its lawyers. [10]
Accountability by July event
The events of the July chronology that the proceedings concern, in date order. An event with no proceeding here may still be the subject of cases this archive has not checked.
- The first deaths · Begum Rokeya University
- Shooting in Uttara · Uttara
- Police still shooting · Chankharpul, Rampura bridge, Jatrabari police station, Ashulia and Savar bus stand
Not tied to a single event of the chronology: The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others (July and August 2024, Across Bangladesh: the crackdown as a whole). The killings in Chattogram, July 2024 (July 2024; Wasim Akram on 16 July, Chattogram).
The dead and the injured
For each person in the Martyrs and Injured & Survivors registers, the stage reached by any case over their death or injury. Their stories are kept in the registers, not repeated here.
In the Martyrs register
| Name | Over the death | Proceeding |
|---|---|---|
| Abu Sayed | Convicted at first instance — as of | The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur |
| Wasim Akram | Formal charges submitted — as of | The killings in Chattogram, July 2024 |
| Hasan Mehedi | Case filed — as of | Outside the tribunal |
| Md Shakil Hossain | Case filed — as of | Outside the tribunal |
| Mir Mughdo | Formal charges submitted — as of | The killings in Uttara, Dhaka, 18–19 July 2024 |
| Abu Taher Md Turab | Case filed — as of | Outside the tribunal |
| Tahir Zaman Priyo | Case filed — as of | Outside the tribunal |
| Pradip Kumar Bhowmik | No case on record — as of | Outside the tribunal |
| Sohel Akhanji | No case on record — as of | Outside the tribunal |
In the Injured & Survivors record
| Name | Over the injury | Testified in |
|---|---|---|
| Abdullah Al Imran | No case on record — as of | The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others |
| Atikul Gazi | No case on record — as of | Outside the tribunal |
| Khokon Chandra Barman | No case on record — as of | The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others |
Testifying in a proceeding is not a case over one’s own injury, and a judgment in that proceeding is not a finding about who injured the witness.
What has been established
The record grouped by how each part of it is known. Grouping, not emphasis, does the work: a stronger class is not set larger or brighter.
Event facts on which independent sources agree
Six people, among them Abu Sayed, were killed on 16 July; killings rose sharply from 18 July. [2, 4, 3]
The internet was shut down nationwide from the evening of 18 July; a curfew and the Army followed on 19–20 July. [2, 4]
Six coordinators were held at the Detective Branch from 26–28 July to 1 August, and a video of them withdrawing the protests was released on 28 July. [2, 25, 26]
Established by a court document the archive holds
None yet. The archive holds no judgment, charge or order; every court step on this page is known from reports of it.
Judgments at first instance, as reported
- The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others —
- The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka —
- The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar —
- The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur —
Findings of the UN inquiry, on its standard
That between 15 July and 5 August the former government, its security and intelligence apparatus and violent elements linked to the Awami League engaged systematically in serious human rights violations in a coordinated effort to suppress the protests. [2]
That the vast majority of deaths appear to have been caused by firearms commonly used only by the police, paramilitary and military forces: in 130 deaths examined by the forensic medicine department of Dhaka Medical College, 78 percent were caused by such weapons. [2]
That some protesters and others in the crowds attacked police, government buildings and transport, and that crowds carried out revenge killings, above all from 4 August. [2]
Allegations before a court, not yet decided
Disputed
- Who was responsible for the violence and the deaths?
- Who shot Abu Sayed?
- Who fired at protesters where Khokon Chandra Barman was injured (in front of Jatrabari police station, Dhaka)?
- Did anyone fire guns from helicopters?
Alleged or found, with no proceeding tracked
What remains unresolved
Questions the record leaves open, each with its basis, then what is outstanding in each proceeding. A question leaves this list only when a record answers it.
What will the Appellate Division decide on the prosecution’s appeal?
The prosecution’s appeal to the Appellate Division was filed on 15 December 2025; this archive holds no record of its outcome. [6]
Will anyone who served in the Army or the intelligence agencies be prosecuted?
When the UN fact-finding report was finalised in February 2025 it had received no information on criminal prosecutions of personnel who served with the Army, DGFI or NSI; this archive has not yet reviewed later records. [2]
Who are the dead who have not been identified?
In August 2025, 114 people buried as unclaimed at Rayerbazar graveyard during July and August 2024 remained unidentified. [27]
Will the revenge killings and the attacks on minorities be prosecuted?
The UN fact-finding report found that many perpetrators apparently continue to enjoy impunity. [2]
Outstanding in the proceedings tracked
- The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
Appeal on record (); no decision on it is on record in this archive
- The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
Appeal on record (reported 17 July 2026); no decision on it is on record in this archive
- The killings in Uttara, Dhaka, 18–19 July 2024
: The tribunal’s order on whether to frame charges (date set on 23 September 2026) [1]
- The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
No appeal is reported in the sources read
- The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
Appeal on record (); no decision on it is on record in this archive
Complaints with no charge on record
Justice that remains incomplete is followed on Unresolved Justice.
Key documents
The documents the record depends on, and how the archive holds each. A document known only from reporting is listed as not held; no copy or preview is shown.
Preliminary Analysis of Recent Protests and Unrest in Bangladesh
- Preliminary UN analysis
- Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
- Published online by the issuer · Official publication (www.ohchr.org)
OHCHR Fact-Finding Report: Human Rights Violations and Abuses related to the Protests of July and August 2024 in Bangladesh
- Report of a UN fact-finding inquiry
- Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
- Published online by the issuer · Official publication (www.ohchr.org)
First information report on the death of Abu Sayed
- Police first information report
- A police sub-inspector, as reported
- Not held — known from reports [24]
Arrest warrants: The killings in Chattogram, July 2024
- Arrest warrants
- International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
- Not held — known from reports [13]
Order of the tribunal: The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
- Order of the tribunal
- International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
- Not held — known from reports [17]
Judgment: The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
- Judgment
- International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
Appeal: The case against Sheikh Hasina and two others
- Appeal
- Filed with the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court
- Not held — known from reports [6]
Judgment: The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
- Judgment
- International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
- Not held — known from reports [18]
Appeal: The killings at Chankharpul, Dhaka
- Appeal
- Filed with the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court
- Not held — known from reports [19]
Judgment: The killings at Ashulia police station, Savar
- Judgment
- International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
Formal charges: The killings in Chattogram, July 2024
- Formal charges
- International Crimes Tribunal-1, Dhaka
- Not held — known from reports [12]
Judgment: The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
- Judgment
- International Crimes Tribunal-2, Dhaka
Appeal: The killing of Abu Sayed, Rangpur
- Appeal
- Reported 17 July 2026
- Filed with the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court
- Not held — known from reports [11]
Elsewhere in the archive
Where accountability is incomplete — appeals undecided, charges unframed, deaths with no case — the record continues.
Unresolved Justice
- July Martyrs
The register of those who died, each with where accountability stands.
- Injured & Survivors
People injured who survived, and the testimony some gave in court.
- July Uprising
The events these proceedings concern, day by day.
Sources and method
This record was compiled by Justice for Hadi from the UN fact-finding report and from news reports of investigations, hearings and judgments, each read in full. It reuses the archive’s canonical July records: the proceedings recorded on the Martyrs register, the tribunal case on the July overview, the events of the July chronology and the survivors’ testimony. Every numbered citation points to the publication that reports the fact.
Every entry carries the project’s evidence word in text. “Reported” means published by the sources cited and not yet checked against a primary record; “Alleged” names who made the claim. The archive holds no court document, so no entry is marked “Court record”. None of these records has yet been through the project’s formal verification process.
Archive reviewed through . A wrong name, date, status or attribution on this page is serious. A person named here, or anyone with a documented correction or response, can reach the project through corrections and right of reply; meaningful corrections are noted, not silently overwritten. For how the project works, see the research methodology.
From allegation to judgment
- Allegation
- It is not a fact until it is established, and it is always stated with who made it.
- Complaint or case filed
- Being named in it does not mean investigators, prosecutors or a court accept it.
- Investigation
- A finding by investigators is not a court’s judgment, and this archive does not adopt it as its own conclusion: “the investigators found”.
- Warrant, arrest or detention
- It is not a charge, and it establishes nothing about guilt.
- Formal charges
- A charge is an accusation. It is not a finding, and the accused are not on trial.
- Trial
- A trial is not a conviction. Every accused person is presumed innocent until judgment.
- Judgment at first instance
- It may be changed on appeal. Until a final decision it is not the last word.
- Final judgment
- Even then, this archive states what the court found, in the court’s terms.
How a proceeding’s stage is described
- No case on record
- No case, complaint or investigation over the death is reported in the sources read. It does not mean none exists.
- Case filed
- A complaint or case has been lodged with the police, a court or the tribunal’s prosecution; no charges are on record.
- Formal charges submitted
- The prosecution has put formal charges to a court; the court has not yet tried them.
- Trial ongoing
- A court has framed charges and is hearing the case.
- Convicted at first instance
- A trial court has given judgment. Appeals may follow; until a final decision, it is not the last word.
- Acquitted
- A court has found the accused not guilty.
- Unresolved
- The record does not show where accountability stands.
How a person’s legal status is described
- Convicted
- Found guilty by a court in a judgment at the end of a trial. Until then, every accused person is presumed innocent. An appeal may follow.
Which sources are preferred
- a court judgment or judicial record
- an official investigation or tribunal record
- a government or other public institutional record
- a UN or other recognised human-rights investigation
- reputable independent journalism
- authenticated first-hand material
- social media, only as a lead to be checked, never as the basis of an accusation
Sources
- 1Mugdho killing: ICT-2 fixes 11 October for charge framing order
TOB News · 23 September 2026 · News report · tob.news
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Where accountability stands” - 2OHCHR Fact-Finding Report: Human Rights Violations and Abuses related to the Protests of July and August 2024 in Bangladesh
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) · 12 February 2025 · UN report · ohchr.org
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “What is alleged” - 3Quota movement timeline: Unfolding events
Prothom Alo · 2 August 2024 · News report · en.prothomalo.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “What is alleged” - 4Timeline: How a quota reform movement caused a government to fall
bdnews24.com · 7 August 2024 · News report · bdnews24.com
News archive record and context
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “What is alleged” - 5Sheikh Hasina convicted of crimes against humanity – what we know
Al Jazeera · 17 November 2025 · News report · aljazeera.com
News archive record and context
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 6ICT prosecution files appeal to enhance Hasina’s sentence to death
The Business Standard · 15 December 2025 · News report · tbsnews.net
News archive record and context
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 7Former ASI Amir, ex-constable Sujan to walk gallows for Abu Sayed killing
The Business Standard · 9 April 2026 · News report · tbsnews.net
News archive record and context
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 8Abu Sayed killing: Two ex-policemen sentenced to death, 28 others jailed
Dhaka Tribune · 9 April 2026 · News report · dhakatribune.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 9Abu Sayed murder case: which accused received what sentences
Prothom Alo · 9 April 2026 · News report · en.prothomalo.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 10Family, defence reject ICT verdict on Abu Sayed murder, plan High Court appeal
bdnews24.com · 10 April 2026 · News report · bdnews24.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 11Appeals filed, Nahid calls for Hasina’s execution
The New Nation · 17 July 2026 · News report · dailynewnation.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 12Charges filed against 22, including ex-minister Hasan Mahmud, over Ctg killings during July Uprising
The Business Standard · 5 April 2026 · News report · tbsnews.net
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 13ICT issues arrest warrant against Nowfel, 14 others over Wasim killing
BSS · 25 March 2025 · News report · bssnews.net
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 14ICT sets 16 Sept for order on framing charges over killings of Mugdho, 10 others during July Uprising
The Business Standard · 9 September 2026 · News report · tbsnews.net
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 15Ashulia body-burning case: Former MP Saiful sentenced to death
Prothom Alo · 5 February 2026 · News report · en.prothomalo.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 16ICT sentences ex-MP, JL leader, 4 cops to death
New Age · 5 February 2026 · News report · newagebd.net
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 17DNA confirms identity of one of six bodies burnt during July Uprising in Ashulia
The Business Standard · 16 November 2025 · News report · tbsnews.net
News archive record and context
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 18Ex-DMP chief Habibur, 2 others to die for Chankharpul killings during July Uprising
The Business Standard · 26 January 2026 · News report · tbsnews.net
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 19SC orders no release of Chankharpul convicts until appeal disposal
The Business Standard · 1 February 2026 · News report · tbsnews.net
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Proceedings before the tribunal” - 20Crimes against humanity: Khokon shows disfigured face in tribunal, demands justice against Hasina
bdnews24.com · 4 August 2025 · News report · bdnews24.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Institutions named in the record” - 21July uprising victim recounts horror of police brutality in emotional testimony
New Age · 3 August 2025 · News report · newagebd.net
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Institutions named in the record” - 22Bangladesh: one year after the Monsoon Revolution, justice for six slain journalists remains elusive
Reporters Without Borders · 1 August 2025 · Rights organisation record · rsf.org
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Custody, warrants and absence” - 23Five on-duty journalists were martyrd during July uprising
Prothom Alo · 15 July 2025 · News report · en.prothomalo.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Complaints outside the tribunal” - 24Abu Sayeed was killed by bullets fired by protesters, say police
Prothom Alo · 28 July 2024 · News report · en.prothomalo.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “Disputed allegations and responses” - 25Six quota protest coordinators handed over to families from DB custody
bdnews24.com · 1 August 2024 · News report · bdnews24.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “What has been established” - 26DB custody: 6 coordinators announce withdrawal of programme
Prothom Alo · 29 July 2024 · News report · en.prothomalo.com
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “What has been established” - 27July uprising: Many killed still remain unidentified
Prothom Alo · 5 August 2025 · News report · en.prothomalo.com
News archive record and context
Source catalogue record and provenance
↩ First cited in “What remains unresolved”
What is not on this page, and why
- Who is named, and who is not
- People are named only where the archive holds an individual, dated legal status for them in a proceeding. The reports read describe most of the accused by number and former role — “two former police members”, “a former member of parliament” — and the page keeps those descriptions in each proceeding’s record. A name in a report’s headline, in the source list, is not a status record.
- No court documents are held
- Every judgment, charge, warrant and order on this page is known from news reports of it. None is classed as a court record, and no document is shown as if held. A record will be checked against its document when one is obtained.
- Legal classifications
- “Crimes against humanity”, “extrajudicial killings” and “torture” appear only as the words of the tribunal, the prosecution or the UN inquiry, attributed to them. The page makes no legal classification of its own.
- Not used: lists of the accused
- Lists of accused people or “suspects” circulated on social media or by political parties are not sources for this page. No one appears here because of them.
- Cases in the ordinary courts
- The many cases filed in the ordinary courts after August 2024 are not listed one by one: the archive has not checked them, and the UN report records concerns about them. They appear only as the figure the police reported.
- Privacy and witnesses
- No addresses, phone or identity numbers, family details or medical records are published. Witnesses are named only where they testified in a public hearing and the reports of it name them; nothing about their present whereabouts is given.
- No photographs
- No photograph of anyone in the record has a documented creator and permission to publish, so the page is text. It would not show a gallery of accused people in any case.
- Hadi’s case is kept apart
- The killing of Sharif Osman bin Hadi in December 2025 is not a July case. Its investigation and proceedings are recorded in the Justice for Hadi section and are not counted here.
Continue the record
Unresolved Justice
Appeals undecided, charges unframed and deaths with no charge on record.
Martyrs
The register of those who died.
Injured & Survivors
The wounded and those who survived.